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Patented Deo. 5l 1882.

(No Model.)

J. DUNNAGHIB.

RBGENERATIVE KILN FOR BURNING PIRE BRICK, &c. No. 268,771.

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RBGENBRATIVE KLN POR BURNING FIRE BRICK. 6m. No.268f7'71. Patented Deo.`5. 1882.

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REGENBRATIVE KILN VPOR BURNING PIRE BRICK, 5w.

No.268771. Patf'ted Dea@ 1882.

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J; DU'NNACHIE.

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No. 268,771. 4 Patented Deo. 5, 1882.I

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i `UNITED STATES JAMES DUNNACHlE, OF GLENBOIG STAR FIRE CLAY WORKS,

. LANARK, SCOTLAND.

PATENT OFFICE.

COUNTY OF `REGENERATlVE'KILN FOR BURNING FIRE-BRICK, 80C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent LTO. 268,771, dated December 5, 1882.

Application ilcd Decemherz,V 1881. (No model.)

To all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES DUNNAGHIE, of

Glenboig Star Fire Clay Works, in the county of Lanark, North Britain, have invented Improvements in Regenerative Kilns for Burning Fire-Bricks, Pottery, or other Analogous Materials, the same being applicable for other purposes, (for which I have received Letters Patent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain 1 o and Ireland,N o. 3,862,dated September 6,188l,)

of which the followingis a specification.

My saidinvention, which relates to improvements in regenerative kilns for burning irebricks, pottery, or other analogous materials,

1,5 has for itsobject to more thoroughly mix the air and gas burned in such kilns, and to elect a better diffusion of the heat obtained from their combustion, as well as to more thoroughly regulate and equalize the same. These 2o objects are effected by constructin gin the walls of adjacent kilns duplex hollow spaces or lues, the alternating portions of the opposite 'sidesof which have slits or perforations formed therein, so as to enable the heated products of combustion to be passed or discharged from the lowest part of one kiln into' the' lowest part of the next kiln-that is to say, the kiln which is being heated preparatory to being red.

These flue-spaces are provided with vertical or 3o horizontal dampcrs, so as to shut off the communication between the kilns, the slits or perforations in the liuc-spaces ei'ectin g the 'improved diffusion. In place of forming such lines in the walls of adjacent kilns, lues may 3 5 be formed in the brick-work outside the wall,

in which case the air descends down some distance below the floor of the kiln, where it passes through ports regulated by dampers into a still lower lue, from which it escapes 4o through slits or perforations formed in the lower part of the walls into the burner or chamber or opening, wherein it mixes with the gas.' For thepurpose of admitting either hot i air into the upper part of the kilns from an adjacent kiln or for the purpose of admitting cold .5o walls at or'near to the upper part of the kilns.

Patented in England September 6, 188i, No, 3.562.

Either hot or cold airis admitted through these upper iiues and slits or perforations when the air admitted at the lower part oi' tlhe kilns with the gas may be either deficient in. quantity to produce complete combustion, or when the temperature of a kiln at its upper part may be either too high or too low. In place of making the iiues duplex, with slits or perforations, as

hereinbefore described, they may be made single,` withone side-namely, that through which the discharge takes placeconstructed with one, two, or more larger openings in lieu of slits or perforations above or at or level with the bottom of the kiln, and with slits or perforations at the opposite side.

The improvements hereinbefore described may also be applied to calcining-kilns and other analogous'apparatus.

The accompanying drawings represent my invention as applied to kilns arranged in two opposite rows or series of iive (less or more) each, the end kilns of Veach series being connected to the corresponding end kilns of the other series by means of tlues; but it is to be understood that it may be applied to kilns oth erwise arranged.

Figure 1 is a general plan ot' the series of kilns. Fig. 2 is an end elevation ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of one of the series or rows. Fig. tis a longitudinal vertical section of the same. Fig. 5 is a plan of the same, partly in section, on the line l 2, Fig. 4., The following figures are drawn to a larger scale,

the better to exhibit thetlues and passages:`

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical section ofa kiln of the series with port-ions of the adjacent kilns on either side. Fig. 7 shows one-halt' 'of a horizontal section of the sanne, taken on the lines 3 4, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a vertical transverse section on the line 5 6, Fig. 6, showing the side wall of the kiln, indicated by the arrow 7. Fig.9 is a section on the line 5 8, Fig. 6, but showing the other side wall ofthe kiln,

indicated by the arrow 9. Figs. 10, 11, 12,

and 13 are views of a modification, hereinafter more particularly referred to.

The gas to be employed for the burning process is obtained from any convenient source.

For example, it is produced in gas-producers,

ively'B and O) communicating the one with the other by openings b, which openings are regulated or closed by dampers c. In the side ofthe flue C are passages c2, opening from the said nue just above the outlets for gas a4 in the one kiln, the iue B being in communication by the slots b2, passage or due b3, and slots b4 with the lower part of the adjacent flue. A duplex passage consistingof dues Dand E is also formed in the upper part of the Walls of the kilns, the one passage, D, communicating by means of the openings d with the one kiln, and the other passage, E, communicating by means of the openings e with the adjacent kiln. The said iiues D and E communicate with each other by openings d2, which can be regulated by dampers e2. Openings f are made in the roofs of the kilns, which openngs are covered by slabs or dampers f2.

In operation, when one kiln is in fire the effluent gases produced therein are passed into the adjacent kiln through the, openings b4, passage b3, openings b2, passage B, openings b, and passage C into 'the adjacent kiln next in the series through the openings o2, and will heat the contents of the said kiln. When the first kiln has been red othe air passes through the said kiln into the adjacent kiln through the passages B and C, as before described, issuing thereinto 'by the openings c2. Gas is then turned onto this kiln, and, meeting with this hot air, burns and bakes the bricks in the said kiln. The quantity ot' air passing through the one kiln to be heated on its passage to the adjacent kiln is regulated by the dampers c, and the quantity of gas admitted to this kiln is regulated by the valve a. kW'hen this lastmentioned kiln is burned off the supply of gas is turned oft'` therefrom, and this said kiln becomes in its turn the regenerator or heater of air for the next kiln ot' the series, and so on through the series, the passages marked B2 and C2 in Figs.1 aud trgiving communication between the respective end kilns of each row ot' kil-ns. It' it is desired Vto admit hot air to the upper part of any kiln, this may be done by opening the dampers f2 at the top of atiredoff kiln, and air heated by the said kiln thus be caused to pass from the said kiln through the openings d, passage D, openings d, and passage E, and into the adjacent kiln throughV the openings e to raise the temperature ofthe upper part of the kiln or to assist in the combustion of. th'e gas. Where cold air is to be admitted into a kiln air passes into the kiln through the flue E, which is open to the atmosphere at both ends. The outlet-passages from each kiln and the main dues to the chimneyfiuto which these passages open are indicated iu Fig. 1, and are there marked g.

Figs. 1.0, 11, 12, and 13 represent views corresponding respectively to Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 of a modification of my invention wherein the ues B and O, for the admission of hot air to mix and burn with the gas, are made in the brick-,work outside of the kiln-walls in place of in the walls themselves. tal half-section on the line 10 1l, Fig. 10. Figs. 12 and 13 are transverse vertical sections taken-on the line 14 15, Fig. 10, showing the opposite side walls, as indicated respectively by the arrows 12 and 13. The air from the firedoff kiln, and heated thereby, passes down by Fig. 1 lis a horizonthe openings b4 into the flue B throughl openings b, (one on each side.) regulated by dampers c, into the due U, and therefrom by the slotted passages o3 in the lower parts of the kiln-wall into the passage a5, where it mixes before passing into the kiln with the gas introduced into the said kiln through the gas-passage c and openings a3.

The tlues, either in the lower part or in the upper partof the kilns, may be made singleinstead of duplex, the one side communicating by a number of openings with the one kiln,and with the other kiln by openings at the ends of this single flue, these said openings being regulated and closed by dampers. Single dues of this construction (marked H) are shown in the upper part of the kiln-walls in Figs. 10, 12, and

13. The openings by which the said flue communicates with the one kiln are marked h, and the openings at either end of the other side of the said due, to give communication to the other kiln, are marked h2, their opening being regulated by dampers h3. A similar arrangement may be applied at the lower part of the wall in 'place of the duplex flues; but l prefer the arl rangements ot duplex tlues shown.

ICO

'lo give a perfect diffusion of air, it is pre- A passage, the passages branching therefrom lto the several kilns or chambers, and the'ne's or passages B G for passing the heat from 'one IIO kiln or chamber into another adjacent kiln o'r 3. In regenerative kilns and analogous appac ratus, the arrangement of tlues B C, dampers c, and openings b4, b, and c3 for giving communication from kiln to kiln or chamber to cham ber, as shown and described.

4. In regenerative kilns or chambers and analogous apparatus, the combination of the flues B C, dampers c, and openings 124,11, and c3 with a line or chamber, a5, in which the air heated by the regenerated heat of a kiln or chamber is mixed with the gas about to enter another kiln or chamber to be burned therein, as hereinbefore shown and described.

5. In regenerativekilns or ehambersforburnin g brick, andin analogous apparatus, the fines D and E and openings d d2 e, and dampers e2 in the upper parts of the communicating walls of the kilns or chambers, Figs. 6 to 9, and also the lue H, openings hb2, and dampers h3,whetl1 er employed to admitcold or hot air to the upper part of the kiln or chamber or to admit the 2o heat from one kiln to another at the lower part thereof, as described with reference to the upper wall of a kiln.

` 6. The combination of parts constituting the improved regenerative kilns or chambers or analogous apparatus, consisting of the kilns communicating with each other `by regenerative passages B C, (or passages H.) and pro` vided with passages a a and regulating-valves a2, for supplying gas to be burned in the said kilns or chambers, in conjunction with the hot air admitted bythe passages B. C, (or passage H,) as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.l

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES DUNNACHIE. [L. s]

Witnesses: j

ROBERT ADAM GUNN, J AMES SMITH BEGG, Both of 115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. 

